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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | toβaŋʃe |
| Genitive: | toβaŋʃən |
| Dative: | toβaŋʃəlan |
| Accusative: | toβaŋʃəm |
| Comparative: | toβaŋʃəla |
| Comitative: | toβaŋʃəge |
| Inessive: | toβaŋʃəʃte |
| Illative: | toβaŋʃəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | toβaŋʃeʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | toβaŋʃem |
| 2SG: | toβaŋʃet |
| 3SG: | toβaŋʃəʒ(e) |
| 1PL: | toβaŋʃəna |
| 2PL: | toβaŋʃəda |
| 3PL: | toβaŋʃəʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | toβaŋʃe-βlak |
| Plural (2): | toβaŋʃe-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | toβaŋʃəla |
| Sociative Plural: | toβaŋʃəmət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | toβaŋʃem | toβaŋʃe-βlak | toβaŋʃe-βlakem, toβaŋʃem-βlak |
| Genitive: | toβaŋʃemən | toβaŋʃe-βlakən | toβaŋʃe-βlakemən, toβaŋʃem-βlakən |
| Dative: | toβaŋʃemlan, toβaŋʃəlanem | toβaŋʃe-βlaklan | toβaŋʃe-βlakemlan, toβaŋʃem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | toβaŋʃeməm | toβaŋʃe-βlakəm | toβaŋʃe-βlakeməm, toβaŋʃem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | toβaŋʃemla, toβaŋʃəlam | toβaŋʃe-βlakla | toβaŋʃe-βlakemla, toβaŋʃem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | toβaŋʃemge | toβaŋʃe-βlakge | toβaŋʃe-βlakemge, toβaŋʃem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | toβaŋʃəʃtem | toβaŋʃe-βlakəʃte | toβaŋʃe-βlakəʃtem, toβaŋʃem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | toβaŋʃəʃkem | toβaŋʃe-βlakəʃ(ke) | toβaŋʃe-βlakəʃkem, toβaŋʃem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | toβaŋʃeʃem | toβaŋʃe-βlakeʃ | toβaŋʃe-βlakeʃem, toβaŋʃem-βlakeʃ |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||