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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | toktaludo |
| Genitive: | toktaludə̑n |
| Dative: | toktaludə̑lan |
| Accusative: | toktaludə̑m |
| Comparative: | toktaludə̑la |
| Comitative: | toktaludə̑ge |
| Inessive: | toktaludə̑što |
| Illative: | toktaludə̑š(ko) |
| Lative: | toktaludeš |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | toktaludem |
| 2SG: | toktaludet |
| 3SG: | toktaludə̑ž(o) |
| 1PL: | toktaludə̑na |
| 2PL: | toktaludə̑da |
| 3PL: | toktaludə̑št |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | toktaludo-βlak |
| Plural (2): | toktaludo-šamə̑č́ |
| Short Plural: | toktaludə̑la |
| Sociative Plural: | toktaludə̑mə̑t |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | toktaludem | toktaludo-βlak | toktaludo-βlakem, toktaludem-βlak |
| Genitive: | toktaludemə̑n | toktaludo-βlakə̑n | toktaludo-βlakemə̑n, toktaludem-βlakə̑n |
| Dative: | toktaludemlan, toktaludə̑lanem | toktaludo-βlaklan | toktaludo-βlakemlan, toktaludem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | toktaludemə̑m | toktaludo-βlakə̑m | toktaludo-βlakemə̑m, toktaludem-βlakə̑m |
| Comparative: | toktaludemla, toktaludə̑lam | toktaludo-βlakla | toktaludo-βlakemla, toktaludem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | toktaludemge | toktaludo-βlakge | toktaludo-βlakemge, toktaludem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | toktaludə̑štem | toktaludo-βlakə̑šte | toktaludo-βlakə̑štem, toktaludem-βlakə̑šte |
| Illative: | toktaludə̑škem | toktaludo-βlakə̑š(ke) | toktaludo-βlakə̑škem, toktaludem-βlakə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | toktaludešem | toktaludo-βlakeš | toktaludo-βlakešem, toktaludem-βlakeš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||