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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | toʎ |
| Genitive: | toʎən |
| Dative: | toʎlan |
| Accusative: | toʎəm |
| Comparative: | toʎla |
| Comitative: | toʎge |
| Inessive: | toʎəʃto |
| Illative: | toʎəʃ(ko) |
| Lative: | toʎeʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | toʎem |
| 2SG: | toʎet |
| 3SG: | toʎʒo |
| 1PL: | toʎna |
| 2PL: | toʎda |
| 3PL: | toʎəʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | toʎ-βlak |
| Plural (2): | toʎ-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | toʎla |
| Sociative Plural: | toʎmət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | toʎem | toʎ-βlak | toʎ-βlakem, toʎem-βlak |
| Genitive: | toʎemən | toʎ-βlakən | toʎ-βlakemən, toʎem-βlakən |
| Dative: | toʎemlan, toʎlanem | toʎ-βlaklan | toʎ-βlakemlan, toʎem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | toʎeməm | toʎ-βlakəm | toʎ-βlakeməm, toʎem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | toʎemla, toʎlam | toʎ-βlakla | toʎ-βlakemla, toʎem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | toʎemge | toʎ-βlakge | toʎ-βlakemge, toʎem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | toʎəʃtem | toʎ-βlakəʃte | toʎ-βlakəʃtem, toʎem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | toʎəʃkem | toʎ-βlakəʃ(ke) | toʎ-βlakəʃkem, toʎem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | toʎeʃem | toʎ-βlakeʃ | toʎ-βlakeʃem, toʎem-βlakeʃ |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||