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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | tonːan |
| Genitive: | tonːanən |
| Dative: | tonːanlan |
| Accusative: | tonːanəm |
| Comparative: | tonːanla |
| Comitative: | tonːange |
| Inessive: | tonːanəʃte |
| Illative: | tonːanəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | tonːaneʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | tonːanem |
| 2SG: | tonːanet |
| 3SG: | tonːanʒe |
| 1PL: | tonːanːa |
| 2PL: | tonːanda |
| 3PL: | tonːanəʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | tonːan-βlak |
| Plural (2): | tonːan-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | tonːanla |
| Sociative Plural: | tonːanmət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | tonːanem | tonːan-βlak | tonːan-βlakem, tonːanem-βlak |
| Genitive: | tonːanemən | tonːan-βlakən | tonːan-βlakemən, tonːanem-βlakən |
| Dative: | tonːanemlan, tonːanlanem | tonːan-βlaklan | tonːan-βlakemlan, tonːanem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | tonːaneməm | tonːan-βlakəm | tonːan-βlakeməm, tonːanem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | tonːanemla, tonːanlam | tonːan-βlakla | tonːan-βlakemla, tonːanem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | tonːanemge | tonːan-βlakge | tonːan-βlakemge, tonːanem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | tonːanəʃtem | tonːan-βlakəʃte | tonːan-βlakəʃtem, tonːanem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | tonːanəʃkem | tonːan-βlakəʃ(ke) | tonːan-βlakəʃkem, tonːanem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | tonːaneʃem | tonːan-βlakeʃ | tonːan-βlakeʃem, tonːanem-βlakeʃ |
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| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||