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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | topas |
| Genitive: | topasə̑n |
| Dative: | topaslan |
| Accusative: | topasə̑m |
| Comparative: | topasla |
| Comitative: | topasge |
| Inessive: | topasə̑šte |
| Illative: | topasə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | topaseš |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | topasem |
| 2SG: | topaset |
| 3SG: | topasše |
| 1PL: | topasna |
| 2PL: | topasda |
| 3PL: | topasə̑št |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | topas-βlak |
| Plural (2): | topas-šamə̑č́ |
| Short Plural: | topasla |
| Sociative Plural: | topasmə̑t |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | topasem | topas-βlak | topas-βlakem, topasem-βlak |
| Genitive: | topasemə̑n | topas-βlakə̑n | topas-βlakemə̑n, topasem-βlakə̑n |
| Dative: | topasemlan, topaslanem | topas-βlaklan | topas-βlakemlan, topasem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | topasemə̑m | topas-βlakə̑m | topas-βlakemə̑m, topasem-βlakə̑m |
| Comparative: | topasemla, topaslam | topas-βlakla | topas-βlakemla, topasem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | topasemge | topas-βlakge | topas-βlakemge, topasem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | topasə̑štem | topas-βlakə̑šte | topas-βlakə̑štem, topasem-βlakə̑šte |
| Illative: | topasə̑škem | topas-βlakə̑š(ke) | topas-βlakə̑škem, topasem-βlakə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | topasešem | topas-βlakeš | topas-βlakešem, topasem-βlakeš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||