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You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Nominative: | топса |
Genitive: | топсан |
Dative: | топсалан |
Accusative: | топсам |
Comparative: | топсала |
Comitative: | топсаге |
Inessive: | топсаште |
Illative: | топсаш(ке) |
Lative: | топсаш |
1SG: | топсам |
2SG: | топсат |
3SG: | топсаж(е) |
1PL: | топсана |
2PL: | топсада |
3PL: | топсашт |
Plural (1): | топса-влак |
Plural (2): | топса-шамыч |
Short Plural: | топсала |
Sociative Plural: | топсамыт |
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative: | топсам | топса-влак | топса-влакем, топсам-влак |
Genitive: | топсамын | топса-влакын | топса-влакемын, топсам-влакын |
Dative: | топсамлан, топсаланем | топса-влаклан | топса-влакемлан, топсам-влаклан |
Accusative: | топсамым | топса-влакым | топса-влакемым, топсам-влакым |
Comparative: | топсамла, топсалам | топса-влакла | топса-влакемла, топсам-влакла |
Comitative: | топсамге | топса-влакге | топса-влакемге, топсам-влакге |
Inessive: | топсаштем | топса-влакыште | топса-влакыштем, топсам-влакыште |
Illative: | топсашкем | топса-влакыш(ке) | топса-влакышкем, топсам-влакыш(ке) |
Lative: | топсашем | топса-влакеш | топса-влакешем, топсам-влакеш |
The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
Last update: 10 August 2023 |