Paradigm Generator
Тиде материал нерген кызыт англичан йылме дене веле лудаш лиеш. Марий ден руш версий ямдылалтеш да вашке савыкталтшаш.
Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | topč́anam | om topč́an |
| 2SG: | topč́anat | ot topč́an |
| 3SG: | topč́aneš | ok/ogeš topč́an |
| 1PL: | topč́anə̑na | ona/ogə̑na topč́an |
| 2PL: | topč́anə̑da | oda/ogə̑da topč́an |
| 3PL: | topč́anə̑t | ogə̑t topč́an |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | topč́ańə̑m | šə̑m topč́an |
| 2SG: | topč́ańə̑č́ | šə̑č́ topč́an |
| 3SG: | topč́ańe | ə̑š topč́an |
| 1PL: | topč́anna | ə̑šna topč́an |
| 2PL: | topč́anda | ə̑šda topč́an |
| 3PL: | topč́ańə̑č́ | ə̑št topč́an |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | topč́anə̑nam | topč́anə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | topč́anə̑nat | topč́anə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | topč́anə̑n | topč́anə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | topč́anə̑nna | topč́anə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | topč́anə̑nda | topč́anə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | topč́anə̑nə̑t | topč́anə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | topč́anam ə̑l'e | om topč́an ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | topč́anat ə̑l'e | ot topč́an ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | topč́aneš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš topč́an ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | topč́anə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na topč́an ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | topč́anə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da topč́an ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | topč́anə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t topč́an ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | topč́anam ulmaš | om topč́an ulmaš |
| 2SG: | topč́anat ulmaš | ot topč́an ulmaš |
| 3SG: | topč́aneš ulmaš | ok/ogeš topč́an ulmaš |
| 1PL: | topč́anə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na topč́an ulmaš |
| 2PL: | topč́anə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da topč́an ulmaš |
| 3PL: | topč́anə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t topč́an ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | topč́anə̑nam ə̑l'e | topč́anə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | topč́anə̑nat ə̑l'e | topč́anə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | topč́anə̑n ə̑l'e | topč́anə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | topč́anə̑nna ə̑l'e | topč́anə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | topč́anə̑nda ə̑l'e | topč́anə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | topč́anə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | topč́anə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | topč́anə̑nam ulmaš | topč́anə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | topč́anə̑nat ulmaš | topč́anə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | topč́anə̑n ulmaš | topč́anə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | topč́anə̑nna ulmaš | topč́anə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | topč́anə̑nda ulmaš | topč́anə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | topč́anə̑nə̑t ulmaš | topč́anə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | topč́an | it topč́an |
| 3SG: | topč́anže | ə̑nže topč́an |
| 1PL: | (topč́anə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na topč́an) |
| 2PL: | topč́anza | ida topč́an |
| 3PL: | topč́anə̑št | ə̑nə̑št topč́an |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | topč́annem | ə̑nem topč́an |
| 2SG: | topč́annet | ə̑net topč́an |
| 3SG: | topč́anneže | ə̑než topč́an |
| 1PL: | topč́annena | ə̑nena topč́an |
| 2PL: | topč́anneda | ə̑neda topč́an |
| 3PL: | topč́annešt | ə̑nešt topč́an |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | topč́annem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem topč́an ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | topč́annena ə̑l'e | ə̑net topč́an ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | topč́anneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než topč́an ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | topč́annena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena topč́an ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | topč́anneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda topč́an ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | topč́annešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt topč́an ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | topč́annet ulmaš | ə̑net topč́an ulmaš |
| 3SG: | topč́anneže ulmaš | ə̑než topč́an ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | topč́anneda ulmaš | ə̑neda topč́an ulmaš |
| 3PL: | topč́annešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt topč́an ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | topč́anaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | topč́anman |
| Active participle: | topč́anše |
| Passive participle: | topč́anme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | topč́anšaš |
| Negative participle: | topč́andə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | topč́anə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | topč́ande |
| Gerund of prior action: | topč́anmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | topč́anmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | topč́anšə̑la |
| Nominalization: | topč́anmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | topč́andə̑maš |
