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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | topə̑rma |
| Genitive: | topə̑rman |
| Dative: | topə̑rmalan |
| Accusative: | topə̑rmam |
| Comparative: | topə̑rmala |
| Comitative: | topə̑rmage |
| Inessive: | topə̑rmašte |
| Illative: | topə̑rmaš(ke) |
| Lative: | topə̑rmaš |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | topə̑rmam |
| 2SG: | topə̑rmat |
| 3SG: | topə̑rmaž(e) |
| 1PL: | topə̑rmana |
| 2PL: | topə̑rmada |
| 3PL: | topə̑rmašt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | topə̑rma-βlak |
| Plural (2): | topə̑rma-šamə̑č́ |
| Short Plural: | topə̑rmala |
| Sociative Plural: | topə̑rmamə̑t |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | topə̑rmam | topə̑rma-βlak | topə̑rma-βlakem, topə̑rmam-βlak |
| Genitive: | topə̑rmamə̑n | topə̑rma-βlakə̑n | topə̑rma-βlakemə̑n, topə̑rmam-βlakə̑n |
| Dative: | topə̑rmamlan, topə̑rmalanem | topə̑rma-βlaklan | topə̑rma-βlakemlan, topə̑rmam-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | topə̑rmamə̑m | topə̑rma-βlakə̑m | topə̑rma-βlakemə̑m, topə̑rmam-βlakə̑m |
| Comparative: | topə̑rmamla, topə̑rmalam | topə̑rma-βlakla | topə̑rma-βlakemla, topə̑rmam-βlakla |
| Comitative: | topə̑rmamge | topə̑rma-βlakge | topə̑rma-βlakemge, topə̑rmam-βlakge |
| Inessive: | topə̑rmaštem | topə̑rma-βlakə̑šte | topə̑rma-βlakə̑štem, topə̑rmam-βlakə̑šte |
| Illative: | topə̑rmaškem | topə̑rma-βlakə̑š(ke) | topə̑rma-βlakə̑škem, topə̑rmam-βlakə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | topə̑rmašem | topə̑rma-βlakeš | topə̑rma-βlakešem, topə̑rmam-βlakeš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||