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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | topərma |
| Genitive: | topərman |
| Dative: | topərmalan |
| Accusative: | topərmam |
| Comparative: | topərmala |
| Comitative: | topərmage |
| Inessive: | topərmaʃte |
| Illative: | topərmaʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | topərmaʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | topərmam |
| 2SG: | topərmat |
| 3SG: | topərmaʒ(e) |
| 1PL: | topərmana |
| 2PL: | topərmada |
| 3PL: | topərmaʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | topərma-βlak |
| Plural (2): | topərma-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | topərmala |
| Sociative Plural: | topərmamət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | topərmam | topərma-βlak | topərma-βlakem, topərmam-βlak |
| Genitive: | topərmamən | topərma-βlakən | topərma-βlakemən, topərmam-βlakən |
| Dative: | topərmamlan, topərmalanem | topərma-βlaklan | topərma-βlakemlan, topərmam-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | topərmaməm | topərma-βlakəm | topərma-βlakeməm, topərmam-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | topərmamla, topərmalam | topərma-βlakla | topərma-βlakemla, topərmam-βlakla |
| Comitative: | topərmamge | topərma-βlakge | topərma-βlakemge, topərmam-βlakge |
| Inessive: | topərmaʃtem | topərma-βlakəʃte | topərma-βlakəʃtem, topərmam-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | topərmaʃkem | topərma-βlakəʃ(ke) | topərma-βlakəʃkem, topərmam-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | topərmaʃem | topərma-βlakeʃ | topərma-βlakeʃem, topərmam-βlakeʃ |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||