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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | toraŋmaš |
| Genitive: | toraŋmašə̑n |
| Dative: | toraŋmašlan |
| Accusative: | toraŋmašə̑m |
| Comparative: | toraŋmašla |
| Comitative: | toraŋmašge |
| Inessive: | toraŋmašte, toraŋmašə̑šte |
| Illative: | toraŋmaške, toraŋmašə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | toraŋmašeš |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | toraŋmašem |
| 2SG: | toraŋmašet |
| 3SG: | toraŋmašše, toraŋmašə̑ž(e) |
| 1PL: | toraŋmašna |
| 2PL: | toraŋmašda |
| 3PL: | toraŋmašə̑št |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | toraŋmaš-βlak |
| Plural (2): | toraŋmaš-šamə̑č́ |
| Short Plural: | toraŋmašla |
| Sociative Plural: | toraŋmašmə̑t |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | toraŋmašem | toraŋmaš-βlak | toraŋmaš-βlakem, toraŋmašem-βlak |
| Genitive: | toraŋmašemə̑n | toraŋmaš-βlakə̑n | toraŋmaš-βlakemə̑n, toraŋmašem-βlakə̑n |
| Dative: | toraŋmašemlan, toraŋmašlanem | toraŋmaš-βlaklan | toraŋmaš-βlakemlan, toraŋmašem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | toraŋmašemə̑m | toraŋmaš-βlakə̑m | toraŋmaš-βlakemə̑m, toraŋmašem-βlakə̑m |
| Comparative: | toraŋmašemla, toraŋmašlam | toraŋmaš-βlakla | toraŋmaš-βlakemla, toraŋmašem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | toraŋmašemge | toraŋmaš-βlakge | toraŋmaš-βlakemge, toraŋmašem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | toraŋmaštem, toraŋmašə̑štem | toraŋmaš-βlakə̑šte | toraŋmaš-βlakə̑štem, toraŋmašem-βlakə̑šte |
| Illative: | toraŋmaškem, toraŋmašə̑škem | toraŋmaš-βlakə̑š(ke) | toraŋmaš-βlakə̑škem, toraŋmašem-βlakə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | toraŋmašešem | toraŋmaš-βlakeš | toraŋmaš-βlakešem, toraŋmašem-βlakeš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||