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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | tora |
| Genitive: | toran |
| Dative: | toralan |
| Accusative: | toram |
| Comparative: | torala |
| Comitative: | torage |
| Inessive: | torašte |
| Illative: | toraš(ke) |
| Lative: | toraš |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | toram |
| 2SG: | torat |
| 3SG: | toraž(e) |
| 1PL: | torana |
| 2PL: | torada |
| 3PL: | torašt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | tora-βlak |
| Plural (2): | tora-šamə̑č́ |
| Short Plural: | torala |
| Sociative Plural: | toramə̑t |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | toram | tora-βlak | tora-βlakem, toram-βlak |
| Genitive: | toramə̑n | tora-βlakə̑n | tora-βlakemə̑n, toram-βlakə̑n |
| Dative: | toramlan, toralanem | tora-βlaklan | tora-βlakemlan, toram-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | toramə̑m | tora-βlakə̑m | tora-βlakemə̑m, toram-βlakə̑m |
| Comparative: | toramla, toralam | tora-βlakla | tora-βlakemla, toram-βlakla |
| Comitative: | toramge | tora-βlakge | tora-βlakemge, toram-βlakge |
| Inessive: | toraštem | tora-βlakə̑šte | tora-βlakə̑štem, toram-βlakə̑šte |
| Illative: | toraškem | tora-βlakə̑š(ke) | tora-βlakə̑škem, toram-βlakə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | torašem | tora-βlakeš | tora-βlakešem, toram-βlakeš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||