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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | torat |
| Genitive: | toratən |
| Dative: | toratlan |
| Accusative: | toratəm |
| Comparative: | toratla |
| Comitative: | toratge |
| Inessive: | toratəʃte |
| Illative: | toratəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | torateʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | toratem |
| 2SG: | toratet |
| 3SG: | toratʃe |
| 1PL: | toratna |
| 2PL: | toratda |
| 3PL: | toratəʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | torat-βlak |
| Plural (2): | torat-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | toratla |
| Sociative Plural: | toratmət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | toratem | torat-βlak | torat-βlakem, toratem-βlak |
| Genitive: | toratemən | torat-βlakən | torat-βlakemən, toratem-βlakən |
| Dative: | toratemlan, toratlanem | torat-βlaklan | torat-βlakemlan, toratem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | torateməm | torat-βlakəm | torat-βlakeməm, toratem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | toratemla, toratlam | torat-βlakla | torat-βlakemla, toratem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | toratemge | torat-βlakge | torat-βlakemge, toratem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | toratəʃtem | torat-βlakəʃte | torat-βlakəʃtem, toratem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | toratəʃkem | torat-βlakəʃ(ke) | torat-βlakəʃkem, toratem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | torateʃem | torat-βlakeʃ | torat-βlakeʃem, toratem-βlakeʃ |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||