Paradigm Generator
Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | torgam | om torga |
| 2SG: | torgat | ot torga |
| 3SG: | torgaš | ok/ogeš torga |
| 1PL: | torgaə̑na | ona/ogə̑na torga |
| 2PL: | torgaə̑da | oda/ogə̑da torga |
| 3PL: | torgaə̑t | ogə̑t torga |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | torgaə̑m | šə̑m torga |
| 2SG: | torgaə̑č́ | šə̑č́ torga |
| 3SG: | torgaje | ə̑š torga |
| 1PL: | torgana | ə̑šna torga |
| 2PL: | torgada | ə̑šda torga |
| 3PL: | torgaə̑č́ | ə̑št torga |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | torgaə̑nam | torgaə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | torgaə̑nat | torgaə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | torgaə̑n | torgaə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | torgaə̑nna | torgaə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | torgaə̑nda | torgaə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | torgaə̑nə̑t | torgaə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | torgam ə̑l'e | om torga ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | torgat ə̑l'e | ot torga ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | torgaš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš torga ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | torgaə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na torga ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | torgaə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da torga ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | torgaə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t torga ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | torgam ulmaš | om torga ulmaš |
| 2SG: | torgat ulmaš | ot torga ulmaš |
| 3SG: | torgaš ulmaš | ok/ogeš torga ulmaš |
| 1PL: | torgaə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na torga ulmaš |
| 2PL: | torgaə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da torga ulmaš |
| 3PL: | torgaə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t torga ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | torgaə̑nam ə̑l'e | torgaə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | torgaə̑nat ə̑l'e | torgaə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | torgaə̑n ə̑l'e | torgaə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | torgaə̑nna ə̑l'e | torgaə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | torgaə̑nda ə̑l'e | torgaə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | torgaə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | torgaə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | torgaə̑nam ulmaš | torgaə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | torgaə̑nat ulmaš | torgaə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | torgaə̑n ulmaš | torgaə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | torgaə̑nna ulmaš | torgaə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | torgaə̑nda ulmaš | torgaə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | torgaə̑nə̑t ulmaš | torgaə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | torga | it torga |
| 3SG: | torgaže | ə̑nže torga |
| 1PL: | (torgaə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na torga) |
| 2PL: | torgaza | ida torga |
| 3PL: | torgašt | ə̑nə̑št torga |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | torganem | ə̑nem torga |
| 2SG: | torganet | ə̑net torga |
| 3SG: | torganeže | ə̑než torga |
| 1PL: | torganena | ə̑nena torga |
| 2PL: | torganeda | ə̑neda torga |
| 3PL: | torganešt | ə̑nešt torga |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | torganem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem torga ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | torganena ə̑l'e | ə̑net torga ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | torganeže ə̑l'e | ə̑než torga ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | torganena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena torga ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | torganeda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda torga ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | torganešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt torga ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | torganet ulmaš | ə̑net torga ulmaš |
| 3SG: | torganeže ulmaš | ə̑než torga ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | torganeda ulmaš | ə̑neda torga ulmaš |
| 3PL: | torganešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt torga ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | torgaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | torgaman |
| Active participle: | torgaše |
| Passive participle: | torgame |
| Future-necessitive participle: | torgašaš |
| Negative participle: | torgadə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | torgaə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | torgade |
| Gerund of prior action: | torgamek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | torgameš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | torgašə̑la |
| Nominalization: | torgamaš |
| Negative nominalization: | torgadə̑maš |
