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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | toret͡s |
| Genitive: | toret͡sən |
| Dative: | toret͡slan |
| Accusative: | toret͡səm |
| Comparative: | toret͡sla |
| Comitative: | toret͡sge |
| Inessive: | toret͡səʃte |
| Illative: | toret͡səʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | toret͡seʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | toret͡sem |
| 2SG: | toret͡set |
| 3SG: | toret͡sʃe |
| 1PL: | toret͡sna |
| 2PL: | toret͡sda |
| 3PL: | toret͡səʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | toret͡s-βlak |
| Plural (2): | toret͡s-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | toret͡sla |
| Sociative Plural: | toret͡smət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | toret͡sem | toret͡s-βlak | toret͡s-βlakem, toret͡sem-βlak |
| Genitive: | toret͡semən | toret͡s-βlakən | toret͡s-βlakemən, toret͡sem-βlakən |
| Dative: | toret͡semlan, toret͡slanem | toret͡s-βlaklan | toret͡s-βlakemlan, toret͡sem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | toret͡seməm | toret͡s-βlakəm | toret͡s-βlakeməm, toret͡sem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | toret͡semla, toret͡slam | toret͡s-βlakla | toret͡s-βlakemla, toret͡sem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | toret͡semge | toret͡s-βlakge | toret͡s-βlakemge, toret͡sem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | toret͡səʃtem | toret͡s-βlakəʃte | toret͡s-βlakəʃtem, toret͡sem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | toret͡səʃkem | toret͡s-βlakəʃ(ke) | toret͡s-βlakəʃkem, toret͡sem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | toret͡seʃem | toret͡s-βlakeʃ | toret͡s-βlakeʃem, toret͡sem-βlakeʃ |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||