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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | tort͡ɕaka |
| Genitive: | tort͡ɕakan |
| Dative: | tort͡ɕakalan |
| Accusative: | tort͡ɕakam |
| Comparative: | tort͡ɕakala |
| Comitative: | tort͡ɕakage |
| Inessive: | tort͡ɕakaʃte |
| Illative: | tort͡ɕakaʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | tort͡ɕakaʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | tort͡ɕakam |
| 2SG: | tort͡ɕakat |
| 3SG: | tort͡ɕakaʒ(e) |
| 1PL: | tort͡ɕakana |
| 2PL: | tort͡ɕakada |
| 3PL: | tort͡ɕakaʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | tort͡ɕaka-βlak |
| Plural (2): | tort͡ɕaka-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | tort͡ɕakala |
| Sociative Plural: | tort͡ɕakamət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | tort͡ɕakam | tort͡ɕaka-βlak | tort͡ɕaka-βlakem, tort͡ɕakam-βlak |
| Genitive: | tort͡ɕakamən | tort͡ɕaka-βlakən | tort͡ɕaka-βlakemən, tort͡ɕakam-βlakən |
| Dative: | tort͡ɕakamlan, tort͡ɕakalanem | tort͡ɕaka-βlaklan | tort͡ɕaka-βlakemlan, tort͡ɕakam-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | tort͡ɕakaməm | tort͡ɕaka-βlakəm | tort͡ɕaka-βlakeməm, tort͡ɕakam-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | tort͡ɕakamla, tort͡ɕakalam | tort͡ɕaka-βlakla | tort͡ɕaka-βlakemla, tort͡ɕakam-βlakla |
| Comitative: | tort͡ɕakamge | tort͡ɕaka-βlakge | tort͡ɕaka-βlakemge, tort͡ɕakam-βlakge |
| Inessive: | tort͡ɕakaʃtem | tort͡ɕaka-βlakəʃte | tort͡ɕaka-βlakəʃtem, tort͡ɕakam-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | tort͡ɕakaʃkem | tort͡ɕaka-βlakəʃ(ke) | tort͡ɕaka-βlakəʃkem, tort͡ɕakam-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | tort͡ɕakaʃem | tort͡ɕaka-βlakeʃ | tort͡ɕaka-βlakeʃem, tort͡ɕakam-βlakeʃ |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||