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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | tos |
| Genitive: | tosən |
| Dative: | toslan |
| Accusative: | tosəm |
| Comparative: | tosla |
| Comitative: | tosge |
| Inessive: | tosəʃto |
| Illative: | tosəʃ(ko) |
| Lative: | toseʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | tosem |
| 2SG: | toset |
| 3SG: | tosʃo |
| 1PL: | tosna |
| 2PL: | tosda |
| 3PL: | tosəʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | tos-βlak |
| Plural (2): | tos-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | tosla |
| Sociative Plural: | tosmət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | tosem | tos-βlak | tos-βlakem, tosem-βlak |
| Genitive: | tosemən | tos-βlakən | tos-βlakemən, tosem-βlakən |
| Dative: | tosemlan, toslanem | tos-βlaklan | tos-βlakemlan, tosem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | toseməm | tos-βlakəm | tos-βlakeməm, tosem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | tosemla, toslam | tos-βlakla | tos-βlakemla, tosem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | tosemge | tos-βlakge | tos-βlakemge, tosem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | tosəʃtem | tos-βlakəʃte | tos-βlakəʃtem, tosem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | tosəʃkem | tos-βlakəʃ(ke) | tos-βlakəʃkem, tosem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | toseʃem | tos-βlakeʃ | tos-βlakeʃem, tosem-βlakeʃ |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||