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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | toʃ |
| Genitive: | toʃən |
| Dative: | toʃlan |
| Accusative: | toʃəm |
| Comparative: | toʃla |
| Comitative: | toʃge |
| Inessive: | toʃəʃto |
| Illative: | toʃəʃ(ko) |
| Lative: | toʃeʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | toʃem |
| 2SG: | toʃet |
| 3SG: | toʃːo, toʃəʒ(o) |
| 1PL: | toʃna |
| 2PL: | toʃda |
| 3PL: | toʃəʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | toʃ-βlak |
| Plural (2): | toʃ-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | toʃla |
| Sociative Plural: | toʃmət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | toʃem | toʃ-βlak | toʃ-βlakem, toʃem-βlak |
| Genitive: | toʃemən | toʃ-βlakən | toʃ-βlakemən, toʃem-βlakən |
| Dative: | toʃemlan, toʃlanem | toʃ-βlaklan | toʃ-βlakemlan, toʃem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | toʃeməm | toʃ-βlakəm | toʃ-βlakeməm, toʃem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | toʃemla, toʃlam | toʃ-βlakla | toʃ-βlakemla, toʃem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | toʃemge | toʃ-βlakge | toʃ-βlakemge, toʃem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | toʃəʃtem | toʃ-βlakəʃte | toʃ-βlakəʃtem, toʃem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | toʃəʃkem | toʃ-βlakəʃ(ke) | toʃ-βlakəʃkem, toʃem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | toʃeʃem | toʃ-βlakeʃ | toʃ-βlakeʃem, toʃem-βlakeʃ |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||