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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | toʃan |
| Genitive: | toʃanən |
| Dative: | toʃanlan |
| Accusative: | toʃanəm |
| Comparative: | toʃanla |
| Comitative: | toʃange |
| Inessive: | toʃanəʃte |
| Illative: | toʃanəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | toʃaneʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | toʃanem |
| 2SG: | toʃanet |
| 3SG: | toʃanʒe |
| 1PL: | toʃanːa |
| 2PL: | toʃanda |
| 3PL: | toʃanəʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | toʃan-βlak |
| Plural (2): | toʃan-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | toʃanla |
| Sociative Plural: | toʃanmət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | toʃanem | toʃan-βlak | toʃan-βlakem, toʃanem-βlak |
| Genitive: | toʃanemən | toʃan-βlakən | toʃan-βlakemən, toʃanem-βlakən |
| Dative: | toʃanemlan, toʃanlanem | toʃan-βlaklan | toʃan-βlakemlan, toʃanem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | toʃaneməm | toʃan-βlakəm | toʃan-βlakeməm, toʃanem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | toʃanemla, toʃanlam | toʃan-βlakla | toʃan-βlakemla, toʃanem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | toʃanemge | toʃan-βlakge | toʃan-βlakemge, toʃanem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | toʃanəʃtem | toʃan-βlakəʃte | toʃan-βlakəʃtem, toʃanem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | toʃanəʃkem | toʃan-βlakəʃ(ke) | toʃan-βlakəʃkem, toʃanem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | toʃaneʃem | toʃan-βlakeʃ | toʃan-βlakeʃem, toʃanem-βlakeʃ |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||