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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | toʃkalmaʃ |
| Genitive: | toʃkalmaʃən |
| Dative: | toʃkalmaʃlan |
| Accusative: | toʃkalmaʃəm |
| Comparative: | toʃkalmaʃla |
| Comitative: | toʃkalmaʃge |
| Inessive: | toʃkalmaʃte, toʃkalmaʃəʃte |
| Illative: | toʃkalmaʃke, toʃkalmaʃəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | toʃkalmaʃeʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | toʃkalmaʃem |
| 2SG: | toʃkalmaʃet |
| 3SG: | toʃkalmaʃːe, toʃkalmaʃəʒ(e) |
| 1PL: | toʃkalmaʃna |
| 2PL: | toʃkalmaʃda |
| 3PL: | toʃkalmaʃəʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | toʃkalmaʃ-βlak |
| Plural (2): | toʃkalmaʃ-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | toʃkalmaʃla |
| Sociative Plural: | toʃkalmaʃmət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | toʃkalmaʃem | toʃkalmaʃ-βlak | toʃkalmaʃ-βlakem, toʃkalmaʃem-βlak |
| Genitive: | toʃkalmaʃemən | toʃkalmaʃ-βlakən | toʃkalmaʃ-βlakemən, toʃkalmaʃem-βlakən |
| Dative: | toʃkalmaʃemlan, toʃkalmaʃlanem | toʃkalmaʃ-βlaklan | toʃkalmaʃ-βlakemlan, toʃkalmaʃem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | toʃkalmaʃeməm | toʃkalmaʃ-βlakəm | toʃkalmaʃ-βlakeməm, toʃkalmaʃem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | toʃkalmaʃemla, toʃkalmaʃlam | toʃkalmaʃ-βlakla | toʃkalmaʃ-βlakemla, toʃkalmaʃem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | toʃkalmaʃemge | toʃkalmaʃ-βlakge | toʃkalmaʃ-βlakemge, toʃkalmaʃem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | toʃkalmaʃtem, toʃkalmaʃəʃtem | toʃkalmaʃ-βlakəʃte | toʃkalmaʃ-βlakəʃtem, toʃkalmaʃem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | toʃkalmaʃkem, toʃkalmaʃəʃkem | toʃkalmaʃ-βlakəʃ(ke) | toʃkalmaʃ-βlakəʃkem, toʃkalmaʃem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | toʃkalmaʃeʃem | toʃkalmaʃ-βlakeʃ | toʃkalmaʃ-βlakeʃem, toʃkalmaʃem-βlakeʃ |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||