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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | toškə̑štmaš |
| Genitive: | toškə̑štmašə̑n |
| Dative: | toškə̑štmašlan |
| Accusative: | toškə̑štmašə̑m |
| Comparative: | toškə̑štmašla |
| Comitative: | toškə̑štmašge |
| Inessive: | toškə̑štmašte, toškə̑štmašə̑šte |
| Illative: | toškə̑štmaške, toškə̑štmašə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | toškə̑štmašeš |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | toškə̑štmašem |
| 2SG: | toškə̑štmašet |
| 3SG: | toškə̑štmašše, toškə̑štmašə̑ž(e) |
| 1PL: | toškə̑štmašna |
| 2PL: | toškə̑štmašda |
| 3PL: | toškə̑štmašə̑št |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | toškə̑štmaš-βlak |
| Plural (2): | toškə̑štmaš-šamə̑č́ |
| Short Plural: | toškə̑štmašla |
| Sociative Plural: | toškə̑štmašmə̑t |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | toškə̑štmašem | toškə̑štmaš-βlak | toškə̑štmaš-βlakem, toškə̑štmašem-βlak |
| Genitive: | toškə̑štmašemə̑n | toškə̑štmaš-βlakə̑n | toškə̑štmaš-βlakemə̑n, toškə̑štmašem-βlakə̑n |
| Dative: | toškə̑štmašemlan, toškə̑štmašlanem | toškə̑štmaš-βlaklan | toškə̑štmaš-βlakemlan, toškə̑štmašem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | toškə̑štmašemə̑m | toškə̑štmaš-βlakə̑m | toškə̑štmaš-βlakemə̑m, toškə̑štmašem-βlakə̑m |
| Comparative: | toškə̑štmašemla, toškə̑štmašlam | toškə̑štmaš-βlakla | toškə̑štmaš-βlakemla, toškə̑štmašem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | toškə̑štmašemge | toškə̑štmaš-βlakge | toškə̑štmaš-βlakemge, toškə̑štmašem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | toškə̑štmaštem, toškə̑štmašə̑štem | toškə̑štmaš-βlakə̑šte | toškə̑štmaš-βlakə̑štem, toškə̑štmašem-βlakə̑šte |
| Illative: | toškə̑štmaškem, toškə̑štmašə̑škem | toškə̑štmaš-βlakə̑š(ke) | toškə̑štmaš-βlakə̑škem, toškə̑štmašem-βlakə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | toškə̑štmašešem | toškə̑štmaš-βlakeš | toškə̑štmaš-βlakešem, toškə̑štmašem-βlakeš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||