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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | toʃtalge |
| Genitive: | toʃtalgən |
| Dative: | toʃtalgəlan |
| Accusative: | toʃtalgəm |
| Comparative: | toʃtalgəla |
| Comitative: | toʃtalgəge |
| Inessive: | toʃtalgəʃte |
| Illative: | toʃtalgəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | toʃtalgeʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | toʃtalgem |
| 2SG: | toʃtalget |
| 3SG: | toʃtalgəʒ(e) |
| 1PL: | toʃtalgəna |
| 2PL: | toʃtalgəda |
| 3PL: | toʃtalgəʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | toʃtalge-βlak |
| Plural (2): | toʃtalge-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | toʃtalgəla |
| Sociative Plural: | toʃtalgəmət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | toʃtalgem | toʃtalge-βlak | toʃtalge-βlakem, toʃtalgem-βlak |
| Genitive: | toʃtalgemən | toʃtalge-βlakən | toʃtalge-βlakemən, toʃtalgem-βlakən |
| Dative: | toʃtalgemlan, toʃtalgəlanem | toʃtalge-βlaklan | toʃtalge-βlakemlan, toʃtalgem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | toʃtalgeməm | toʃtalge-βlakəm | toʃtalge-βlakeməm, toʃtalgem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | toʃtalgemla, toʃtalgəlam | toʃtalge-βlakla | toʃtalge-βlakemla, toʃtalgem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | toʃtalgemge | toʃtalge-βlakge | toʃtalge-βlakemge, toʃtalgem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | toʃtalgəʃtem | toʃtalge-βlakəʃte | toʃtalge-βlakəʃtem, toʃtalgem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | toʃtalgəʃkem | toʃtalge-βlakəʃ(ke) | toʃtalge-βlakəʃkem, toʃtalgem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | toʃtalgeʃem | toʃtalge-βlakeʃ | toʃtalge-βlakeʃem, toʃtalgem-βlakeʃ |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||