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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | toʃtemːaʃ |
| Genitive: | toʃtemːaʃən |
| Dative: | toʃtemːaʃlan |
| Accusative: | toʃtemːaʃəm |
| Comparative: | toʃtemːaʃla |
| Comitative: | toʃtemːaʃge |
| Inessive: | toʃtemːaʃte, toʃtemːaʃəʃte |
| Illative: | toʃtemːaʃke, toʃtemːaʃəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | toʃtemːaʃeʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | toʃtemːaʃem |
| 2SG: | toʃtemːaʃet |
| 3SG: | toʃtemːaʃːe, toʃtemːaʃəʒ(e) |
| 1PL: | toʃtemːaʃna |
| 2PL: | toʃtemːaʃda |
| 3PL: | toʃtemːaʃəʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | toʃtemːaʃ-βlak |
| Plural (2): | toʃtemːaʃ-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | toʃtemːaʃla |
| Sociative Plural: | toʃtemːaʃmət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | toʃtemːaʃem | toʃtemːaʃ-βlak | toʃtemːaʃ-βlakem, toʃtemːaʃem-βlak |
| Genitive: | toʃtemːaʃemən | toʃtemːaʃ-βlakən | toʃtemːaʃ-βlakemən, toʃtemːaʃem-βlakən |
| Dative: | toʃtemːaʃemlan, toʃtemːaʃlanem | toʃtemːaʃ-βlaklan | toʃtemːaʃ-βlakemlan, toʃtemːaʃem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | toʃtemːaʃeməm | toʃtemːaʃ-βlakəm | toʃtemːaʃ-βlakeməm, toʃtemːaʃem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | toʃtemːaʃemla, toʃtemːaʃlam | toʃtemːaʃ-βlakla | toʃtemːaʃ-βlakemla, toʃtemːaʃem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | toʃtemːaʃemge | toʃtemːaʃ-βlakge | toʃtemːaʃ-βlakemge, toʃtemːaʃem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | toʃtemːaʃtem, toʃtemːaʃəʃtem | toʃtemːaʃ-βlakəʃte | toʃtemːaʃ-βlakəʃtem, toʃtemːaʃem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | toʃtemːaʃkem, toʃtemːaʃəʃkem | toʃtemːaʃ-βlakəʃ(ke) | toʃtemːaʃ-βlakəʃkem, toʃtemːaʃem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | toʃtemːaʃeʃem | toʃtemːaʃ-βlakeʃ | toʃtemːaʃ-βlakeʃem, toʃtemːaʃem-βlakeʃ |
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| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||