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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | toʃter |
| Genitive: | toʃterən |
| Dative: | toʃterlan |
| Accusative: | toʃterəm |
| Comparative: | toʃterla |
| Comitative: | toʃterge |
| Inessive: | toʃterəʃte |
| Illative: | toʃterəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | toʃtereʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | toʃterem |
| 2SG: | toʃteret |
| 3SG: | toʃterʒe |
| 1PL: | toʃterna |
| 2PL: | toʃterda |
| 3PL: | toʃterəʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | toʃter-βlak |
| Plural (2): | toʃter-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | toʃterla |
| Sociative Plural: | toʃtermət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | toʃterem | toʃter-βlak | toʃter-βlakem, toʃterem-βlak |
| Genitive: | toʃteremən | toʃter-βlakən | toʃter-βlakemən, toʃterem-βlakən |
| Dative: | toʃteremlan, toʃterlanem | toʃter-βlaklan | toʃter-βlakemlan, toʃterem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | toʃtereməm | toʃter-βlakəm | toʃter-βlakeməm, toʃterem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | toʃteremla, toʃterlam | toʃter-βlakla | toʃter-βlakemla, toʃterem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | toʃteremge | toʃter-βlakge | toʃter-βlakemge, toʃterem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | toʃterəʃtem | toʃter-βlakəʃte | toʃter-βlakəʃtem, toʃterem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | toʃterəʃkem | toʃter-βlakəʃ(ke) | toʃter-βlakəʃkem, toʃterem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | toʃtereʃem | toʃter-βlakeʃ | toʃter-βlakeʃem, toʃterem-βlakeʃ |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||