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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | toʃtmaʃ |
| Genitive: | toʃtmaʃən |
| Dative: | toʃtmaʃlan |
| Accusative: | toʃtmaʃəm |
| Comparative: | toʃtmaʃla |
| Comitative: | toʃtmaʃge |
| Inessive: | toʃtmaʃte, toʃtmaʃəʃte |
| Illative: | toʃtmaʃke, toʃtmaʃəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | toʃtmaʃeʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | toʃtmaʃem |
| 2SG: | toʃtmaʃet |
| 3SG: | toʃtmaʃːe, toʃtmaʃəʒ(e) |
| 1PL: | toʃtmaʃna |
| 2PL: | toʃtmaʃda |
| 3PL: | toʃtmaʃəʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | toʃtmaʃ-βlak |
| Plural (2): | toʃtmaʃ-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | toʃtmaʃla |
| Sociative Plural: | toʃtmaʃmət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | toʃtmaʃem | toʃtmaʃ-βlak | toʃtmaʃ-βlakem, toʃtmaʃem-βlak |
| Genitive: | toʃtmaʃemən | toʃtmaʃ-βlakən | toʃtmaʃ-βlakemən, toʃtmaʃem-βlakən |
| Dative: | toʃtmaʃemlan, toʃtmaʃlanem | toʃtmaʃ-βlaklan | toʃtmaʃ-βlakemlan, toʃtmaʃem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | toʃtmaʃeməm | toʃtmaʃ-βlakəm | toʃtmaʃ-βlakeməm, toʃtmaʃem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | toʃtmaʃemla, toʃtmaʃlam | toʃtmaʃ-βlakla | toʃtmaʃ-βlakemla, toʃtmaʃem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | toʃtmaʃemge | toʃtmaʃ-βlakge | toʃtmaʃ-βlakemge, toʃtmaʃem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | toʃtmaʃtem, toʃtmaʃəʃtem | toʃtmaʃ-βlakəʃte | toʃtmaʃ-βlakəʃtem, toʃtmaʃem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | toʃtmaʃkem, toʃtmaʃəʃkem | toʃtmaʃ-βlakəʃ(ke) | toʃtmaʃ-βlakəʃkem, toʃtmaʃem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | toʃtmaʃeʃem | toʃtmaʃ-βlakeʃ | toʃtmaʃ-βlakeʃem, toʃtmaʃem-βlakeʃ |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||