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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | toʃtəgodso |
| Genitive: | toʃtəgodsən |
| Dative: | toʃtəgodsəlan |
| Accusative: | toʃtəgodsəm |
| Comparative: | toʃtəgodsəla |
| Comitative: | toʃtəgodsəge |
| Inessive: | toʃtəgodsəʃto |
| Illative: | toʃtəgodsəʃ(ko) |
| Lative: | toʃtəgodseʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | toʃtəgodsem |
| 2SG: | toʃtəgodset |
| 3SG: | toʃtəgodsəʒ(o) |
| 1PL: | toʃtəgodsəna |
| 2PL: | toʃtəgodsəda |
| 3PL: | toʃtəgodsəʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | toʃtəgodso-βlak |
| Plural (2): | toʃtəgodso-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | toʃtəgodsəla |
| Sociative Plural: | toʃtəgodsəmət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | toʃtəgodsem | toʃtəgodso-βlak | toʃtəgodso-βlakem, toʃtəgodsem-βlak |
| Genitive: | toʃtəgodsemən | toʃtəgodso-βlakən | toʃtəgodso-βlakemən, toʃtəgodsem-βlakən |
| Dative: | toʃtəgodsemlan, toʃtəgodsəlanem | toʃtəgodso-βlaklan | toʃtəgodso-βlakemlan, toʃtəgodsem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | toʃtəgodseməm | toʃtəgodso-βlakəm | toʃtəgodso-βlakeməm, toʃtəgodsem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | toʃtəgodsemla, toʃtəgodsəlam | toʃtəgodso-βlakla | toʃtəgodso-βlakemla, toʃtəgodsem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | toʃtəgodsemge | toʃtəgodso-βlakge | toʃtəgodso-βlakemge, toʃtəgodsem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | toʃtəgodsəʃtem | toʃtəgodso-βlakəʃte | toʃtəgodso-βlakəʃtem, toʃtəgodsem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | toʃtəgodsəʃkem | toʃtəgodso-βlakəʃ(ke) | toʃtəgodso-βlakəʃkem, toʃtəgodsem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | toʃtəgodseʃem | toʃtəgodso-βlakeʃ | toʃtəgodso-βlakeʃem, toʃtəgodsem-βlakeʃ |
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| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||