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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | toʃtəjeŋoj |
| Genitive: | toʃtəjeŋojən |
| Dative: | toʃtəjeŋojlan |
| Accusative: | toʃtəjeŋojəm |
| Comparative: | toʃtəjeŋojla |
| Comitative: | toʃtəjeŋojge |
| Inessive: | toʃtəjeŋojəʃto |
| Illative: | toʃtəjeŋojəʃ(ko) |
| Lative: | toʃtəjeŋojeʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | toʃtəjeŋojem |
| 2SG: | toʃtəjeŋojet |
| 3SG: | toʃtəjeŋojʒo |
| 1PL: | toʃtəjeŋojna |
| 2PL: | toʃtəjeŋojda |
| 3PL: | toʃtəjeŋojəʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | toʃtəjeŋoj-βlak |
| Plural (2): | toʃtəjeŋoj-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | toʃtəjeŋojla |
| Sociative Plural: | toʃtəjeŋojmət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | toʃtəjeŋojem | toʃtəjeŋoj-βlak | toʃtəjeŋoj-βlakem, toʃtəjeŋojem-βlak |
| Genitive: | toʃtəjeŋojemən | toʃtəjeŋoj-βlakən | toʃtəjeŋoj-βlakemən, toʃtəjeŋojem-βlakən |
| Dative: | toʃtəjeŋojemlan, toʃtəjeŋojlanem | toʃtəjeŋoj-βlaklan | toʃtəjeŋoj-βlakemlan, toʃtəjeŋojem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | toʃtəjeŋojeməm | toʃtəjeŋoj-βlakəm | toʃtəjeŋoj-βlakeməm, toʃtəjeŋojem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | toʃtəjeŋojemla, toʃtəjeŋojlam | toʃtəjeŋoj-βlakla | toʃtəjeŋoj-βlakemla, toʃtəjeŋojem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | toʃtəjeŋojemge | toʃtəjeŋoj-βlakge | toʃtəjeŋoj-βlakemge, toʃtəjeŋojem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | toʃtəjeŋojəʃtem | toʃtəjeŋoj-βlakəʃte | toʃtəjeŋoj-βlakəʃtem, toʃtəjeŋojem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | toʃtəjeŋojəʃkem | toʃtəjeŋoj-βlakəʃ(ke) | toʃtəjeŋoj-βlakəʃkem, toʃtəjeŋojem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | toʃtəjeŋojeʃem | toʃtəjeŋoj-βlakeʃ | toʃtəjeŋoj-βlakeʃem, toʃtəjeŋojem-βlakeʃ |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||