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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | toʃtəjeŋ |
| Genitive: | toʃtəjeŋən |
| Dative: | toʃtəjeŋlan |
| Accusative: | toʃtəjeŋəm |
| Comparative: | toʃtəjeŋla |
| Comitative: | toʃtəjeŋge |
| Inessive: | toʃtəjeŋəʃte |
| Illative: | toʃtəjeŋəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | toʃtəjeŋeʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | toʃtəjeŋem |
| 2SG: | toʃtəjeŋet |
| 3SG: | toʃtəjeŋʒe |
| 1PL: | toʃtəjeŋna |
| 2PL: | toʃtəjeŋda |
| 3PL: | toʃtəjeŋəʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | toʃtəjeŋ-βlak |
| Plural (2): | toʃtəjeŋ-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | toʃtəjeŋla |
| Sociative Plural: | toʃtəjeŋmət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | toʃtəjeŋem | toʃtəjeŋ-βlak | toʃtəjeŋ-βlakem, toʃtəjeŋem-βlak |
| Genitive: | toʃtəjeŋemən | toʃtəjeŋ-βlakən | toʃtəjeŋ-βlakemən, toʃtəjeŋem-βlakən |
| Dative: | toʃtəjeŋemlan, toʃtəjeŋlanem | toʃtəjeŋ-βlaklan | toʃtəjeŋ-βlakemlan, toʃtəjeŋem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | toʃtəjeŋeməm | toʃtəjeŋ-βlakəm | toʃtəjeŋ-βlakeməm, toʃtəjeŋem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | toʃtəjeŋemla, toʃtəjeŋlam | toʃtəjeŋ-βlakla | toʃtəjeŋ-βlakemla, toʃtəjeŋem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | toʃtəjeŋemge | toʃtəjeŋ-βlakge | toʃtəjeŋ-βlakemge, toʃtəjeŋem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | toʃtəjeŋəʃtem | toʃtəjeŋ-βlakəʃte | toʃtəjeŋ-βlakəʃtem, toʃtəjeŋem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | toʃtəjeŋəʃkem | toʃtəjeŋ-βlakəʃ(ke) | toʃtəjeŋ-βlakəʃkem, toʃtəjeŋem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | toʃtəjeŋeʃem | toʃtəjeŋ-βlakeʃ | toʃtəjeŋ-βlakeʃem, toʃtəjeŋem-βlakeʃ |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||