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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | toštə̑jüla |
| Genitive: | toštə̑jülan |
| Dative: | toštə̑jülalan |
| Accusative: | toštə̑jülam |
| Comparative: | toštə̑jülala |
| Comitative: | toštə̑jülage |
| Inessive: | toštə̑jülašte |
| Illative: | toštə̑jülaš(ke) |
| Lative: | toštə̑jülaš |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | toštə̑jülam |
| 2SG: | toštə̑jülat |
| 3SG: | toštə̑jülaž(e) |
| 1PL: | toštə̑jülana |
| 2PL: | toštə̑jülada |
| 3PL: | toštə̑jülašt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | toštə̑jüla-βlak |
| Plural (2): | toštə̑jüla-šamə̑č́ |
| Short Plural: | toštə̑jülala |
| Sociative Plural: | toštə̑jülamə̑t |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | toštə̑jülam | toštə̑jüla-βlak | toštə̑jüla-βlakem, toštə̑jülam-βlak |
| Genitive: | toštə̑jülamə̑n | toštə̑jüla-βlakə̑n | toštə̑jüla-βlakemə̑n, toštə̑jülam-βlakə̑n |
| Dative: | toštə̑jülamlan, toštə̑jülalanem | toštə̑jüla-βlaklan | toštə̑jüla-βlakemlan, toštə̑jülam-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | toštə̑jülamə̑m | toštə̑jüla-βlakə̑m | toštə̑jüla-βlakemə̑m, toštə̑jülam-βlakə̑m |
| Comparative: | toštə̑jülamla, toštə̑jülalam | toštə̑jüla-βlakla | toštə̑jüla-βlakemla, toštə̑jülam-βlakla |
| Comitative: | toštə̑jülamge | toštə̑jüla-βlakge | toštə̑jüla-βlakemge, toštə̑jülam-βlakge |
| Inessive: | toštə̑jülaštem | toštə̑jüla-βlakə̑šte | toštə̑jüla-βlakə̑štem, toštə̑jülam-βlakə̑šte |
| Illative: | toštə̑jülaškem | toštə̑jüla-βlakə̑š(ke) | toštə̑jüla-βlakə̑škem, toštə̑jülam-βlakə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | toštə̑jülašem | toštə̑jüla-βlakeš | toštə̑jüla-βlakešem, toštə̑jülam-βlakeš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||