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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | toja |
| Genitive: | tojan |
| Dative: | tojalan |
| Accusative: | tojam |
| Comparative: | tojala |
| Comitative: | tojage |
| Inessive: | tojaʃte |
| Illative: | tojaʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | tojaʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | tojam |
| 2SG: | tojat |
| 3SG: | tojaʒ(e) |
| 1PL: | tojana |
| 2PL: | tojada |
| 3PL: | tojaʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | toja-βlak |
| Plural (2): | toja-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | tojala |
| Sociative Plural: | tojamət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | tojam | toja-βlak | toja-βlakem, tojam-βlak |
| Genitive: | tojamən | toja-βlakən | toja-βlakemən, tojam-βlakən |
| Dative: | tojamlan, tojalanem | toja-βlaklan | toja-βlakemlan, tojam-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | tojaməm | toja-βlakəm | toja-βlakeməm, tojam-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | tojamla, tojalam | toja-βlakla | toja-βlakemla, tojam-βlakla |
| Comitative: | tojamge | toja-βlakge | toja-βlakemge, tojam-βlakge |
| Inessive: | tojaʃtem | toja-βlakəʃte | toja-βlakəʃtem, tojam-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | tojaʃkem | toja-βlakəʃ(ke) | toja-βlakəʃkem, tojam-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | tojaʃem | toja-βlakeʃ | toja-βlakeʃem, tojam-βlakeʃ |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||