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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | toŋgata |
| Genitive: | toŋgatan |
| Dative: | toŋgatalan |
| Accusative: | toŋgatam |
| Comparative: | toŋgatala |
| Comitative: | toŋgatage |
| Inessive: | toŋgatašte |
| Illative: | toŋgataš(ke) |
| Lative: | toŋgataš |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | toŋgatam |
| 2SG: | toŋgatat |
| 3SG: | toŋgataž(e) |
| 1PL: | toŋgatana |
| 2PL: | toŋgatada |
| 3PL: | toŋgatašt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | toŋgata-βlak |
| Plural (2): | toŋgata-šamə̑č́ |
| Short Plural: | toŋgatala |
| Sociative Plural: | toŋgatamə̑t |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | toŋgatam | toŋgata-βlak | toŋgata-βlakem, toŋgatam-βlak |
| Genitive: | toŋgatamə̑n | toŋgata-βlakə̑n | toŋgata-βlakemə̑n, toŋgatam-βlakə̑n |
| Dative: | toŋgatamlan, toŋgatalanem | toŋgata-βlaklan | toŋgata-βlakemlan, toŋgatam-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | toŋgatamə̑m | toŋgata-βlakə̑m | toŋgata-βlakemə̑m, toŋgatam-βlakə̑m |
| Comparative: | toŋgatamla, toŋgatalam | toŋgata-βlakla | toŋgata-βlakemla, toŋgatam-βlakla |
| Comitative: | toŋgatamge | toŋgata-βlakge | toŋgata-βlakemge, toŋgatam-βlakge |
| Inessive: | toŋgataštem | toŋgata-βlakə̑šte | toŋgata-βlakə̑štem, toŋgatam-βlakə̑šte |
| Illative: | toŋgataškem | toŋgata-βlakə̑š(ke) | toŋgata-βlakə̑škem, toŋgatam-βlakə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | toŋgatašem | toŋgata-βlakeš | toŋgata-βlakešem, toŋgatam-βlakeš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||