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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | toŋgak |
| Genitive: | toŋgakə̑n |
| Dative: | toŋgaklan |
| Accusative: | toŋgakə̑m |
| Comparative: | toŋgakla |
| Comitative: | toŋgakge |
| Inessive: | toŋgakə̑šte |
| Illative: | toŋgakə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | toŋgakeš |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | toŋgakem |
| 2SG: | toŋgaket |
| 3SG: | toŋgakše |
| 1PL: | toŋgakna |
| 2PL: | toŋgakda |
| 3PL: | toŋgakə̑št |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | toŋgak-βlak |
| Plural (2): | toŋgak-šamə̑č́ |
| Short Plural: | toŋgakla |
| Sociative Plural: | toŋgakmə̑t |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | toŋgakem | toŋgak-βlak | toŋgak-βlakem, toŋgakem-βlak |
| Genitive: | toŋgakemə̑n | toŋgak-βlakə̑n | toŋgak-βlakemə̑n, toŋgakem-βlakə̑n |
| Dative: | toŋgakemlan, toŋgaklanem | toŋgak-βlaklan | toŋgak-βlakemlan, toŋgakem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | toŋgakemə̑m | toŋgak-βlakə̑m | toŋgak-βlakemə̑m, toŋgakem-βlakə̑m |
| Comparative: | toŋgakemla, toŋgaklam | toŋgak-βlakla | toŋgak-βlakemla, toŋgakem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | toŋgakemge | toŋgak-βlakge | toŋgak-βlakemge, toŋgakem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | toŋgakə̑štem | toŋgak-βlakə̑šte | toŋgak-βlakə̑štem, toŋgakem-βlakə̑šte |
| Illative: | toŋgakə̑škem | toŋgak-βlakə̑š(ke) | toŋgak-βlakə̑škem, toŋgakem-βlakə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | toŋgakešem | toŋgak-βlakeš | toŋgak-βlakešem, toŋgakem-βlakeš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||