Paradigm Generator
Determine from input: either provide the indicatative present first person singular (e.g., ыштем 'I do'), the verbal stem (ыште- 'do'), or indicate the conjugation class by placing a number or the the ending of the indicatative present first person singular in parentheses after the word (e.g., ышташ 2, ышташ (-ем) 'to do'). Alternatively, if you do not specify the conjugation class, the software will consult our lexicon.
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | toŋgakam | om toŋgak |
| 2SG: | toŋgakat | ot toŋgak |
| 3SG: | toŋgakeš | ok/ogeš toŋgak |
| 1PL: | toŋgakə̑na | ona/ogə̑na toŋgak |
| 2PL: | toŋgakə̑da | oda/ogə̑da toŋgak |
| 3PL: | toŋgakə̑t | ogə̑t toŋgak |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | toŋgakə̑m | šə̑m toŋgak |
| 2SG: | toŋgakə̑č́ | šə̑č́ toŋgak |
| 3SG: | toŋgake | ə̑š toŋgak |
| 1PL: | toŋgakna | ə̑šna toŋgak |
| 2PL: | toŋgakda | ə̑šda toŋgak |
| 3PL: | toŋgakə̑č́ | ə̑št toŋgak |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | toŋgakə̑nam | toŋgakə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | toŋgakə̑nat | toŋgakə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | toŋgakə̑n | toŋgakə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | toŋgakə̑nna | toŋgakə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | toŋgakə̑nda | toŋgakə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | toŋgakə̑nə̑t | toŋgakə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | toŋgakam ə̑l'e | om toŋgak ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | toŋgakat ə̑l'e | ot toŋgak ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | toŋgakeš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš toŋgak ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | toŋgakə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na toŋgak ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | toŋgakə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da toŋgak ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | toŋgakə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t toŋgak ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | toŋgakam ulmaš | om toŋgak ulmaš |
| 2SG: | toŋgakat ulmaš | ot toŋgak ulmaš |
| 3SG: | toŋgakeš ulmaš | ok/ogeš toŋgak ulmaš |
| 1PL: | toŋgakə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na toŋgak ulmaš |
| 2PL: | toŋgakə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da toŋgak ulmaš |
| 3PL: | toŋgakə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t toŋgak ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | toŋgakə̑nam ə̑l'e | toŋgakə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | toŋgakə̑nat ə̑l'e | toŋgakə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | toŋgakə̑n ə̑l'e | toŋgakə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | toŋgakə̑nna ə̑l'e | toŋgakə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | toŋgakə̑nda ə̑l'e | toŋgakə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | toŋgakə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | toŋgakə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | toŋgakə̑nam ulmaš | toŋgakə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | toŋgakə̑nat ulmaš | toŋgakə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | toŋgakə̑n ulmaš | toŋgakə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | toŋgakə̑nna ulmaš | toŋgakə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | toŋgakə̑nda ulmaš | toŋgakə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | toŋgakə̑nə̑t ulmaš | toŋgakə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | toŋgak | it toŋgak |
| 3SG: | toŋgakše | ə̑nže toŋgak |
| 1PL: | (toŋgakə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na toŋgak) |
| 2PL: | toŋgaksa | ida toŋgak |
| 3PL: | toŋgakə̑št | ə̑nə̑št toŋgak |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | toŋgaknem | ə̑nem toŋgak |
| 2SG: | toŋgaknet | ə̑net toŋgak |
| 3SG: | toŋgakneže | ə̑než toŋgak |
| 1PL: | toŋgaknena | ə̑nena toŋgak |
| 2PL: | toŋgakneda | ə̑neda toŋgak |
| 3PL: | toŋgaknešt | ə̑nešt toŋgak |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | toŋgaknem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem toŋgak ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | toŋgaknena ə̑l'e | ə̑net toŋgak ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | toŋgakneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než toŋgak ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | toŋgaknena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena toŋgak ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | toŋgakneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda toŋgak ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | toŋgaknešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt toŋgak ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | toŋgaknet ulmaš | ə̑net toŋgak ulmaš |
| 3SG: | toŋgakneže ulmaš | ə̑než toŋgak ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | toŋgakneda ulmaš | ə̑neda toŋgak ulmaš |
| 3PL: | toŋgaknešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt toŋgak ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | toŋgakaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | toŋgakman |
| Active participle: | toŋgakše |
| Passive participle: | toŋgakme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | toŋgakšaš |
| Negative participle: | toŋgakdə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | toŋgakə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | toŋgakde |
| Gerund of prior action: | toŋgakmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | toŋgakmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | toŋgakšə̑la |
| Nominalization: | toŋgakmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | toŋgakdə̑maš |
