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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | toŋgat |
| Genitive: | toŋgatən |
| Dative: | toŋgatlan |
| Accusative: | toŋgatəm |
| Comparative: | toŋgatla |
| Comitative: | toŋgatge |
| Inessive: | toŋgatəʃte |
| Illative: | toŋgatəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | toŋgateʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | toŋgatem |
| 2SG: | toŋgatet |
| 3SG: | toŋgatʃe |
| 1PL: | toŋgatna |
| 2PL: | toŋgatda |
| 3PL: | toŋgatəʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | toŋgat-βlak |
| Plural (2): | toŋgat-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | toŋgatla |
| Sociative Plural: | toŋgatmət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | toŋgatem | toŋgat-βlak | toŋgat-βlakem, toŋgatem-βlak |
| Genitive: | toŋgatemən | toŋgat-βlakən | toŋgat-βlakemən, toŋgatem-βlakən |
| Dative: | toŋgatemlan, toŋgatlanem | toŋgat-βlaklan | toŋgat-βlakemlan, toŋgatem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | toŋgateməm | toŋgat-βlakəm | toŋgat-βlakeməm, toŋgatem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | toŋgatemla, toŋgatlam | toŋgat-βlakla | toŋgat-βlakemla, toŋgatem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | toŋgatemge | toŋgat-βlakge | toŋgat-βlakemge, toŋgatem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | toŋgatəʃtem | toŋgat-βlakəʃte | toŋgat-βlakəʃtem, toŋgatem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | toŋgatəʃkem | toŋgat-βlakəʃ(ke) | toŋgat-βlakəʃkem, toŋgatem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | toŋgateʃem | toŋgat-βlakeʃ | toŋgat-βlakeʃem, toŋgatem-βlakeʃ |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||