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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | toŋgok |
| Genitive: | toŋgokən |
| Dative: | toŋgoklan |
| Accusative: | toŋgokəm |
| Comparative: | toŋgokla |
| Comitative: | toŋgokge |
| Inessive: | toŋgokəʃto |
| Illative: | toŋgokəʃ(ko) |
| Lative: | toŋgokeʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | toŋgokem |
| 2SG: | toŋgoket |
| 3SG: | toŋgokʃo |
| 1PL: | toŋgokna |
| 2PL: | toŋgokda |
| 3PL: | toŋgokəʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | toŋgok-βlak |
| Plural (2): | toŋgok-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | toŋgokla |
| Sociative Plural: | toŋgokmət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | toŋgokem | toŋgok-βlak | toŋgok-βlakem, toŋgokem-βlak |
| Genitive: | toŋgokemən | toŋgok-βlakən | toŋgok-βlakemən, toŋgokem-βlakən |
| Dative: | toŋgokemlan, toŋgoklanem | toŋgok-βlaklan | toŋgok-βlakemlan, toŋgokem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | toŋgokeməm | toŋgok-βlakəm | toŋgok-βlakeməm, toŋgokem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | toŋgokemla, toŋgoklam | toŋgok-βlakla | toŋgok-βlakemla, toŋgokem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | toŋgokemge | toŋgok-βlakge | toŋgok-βlakemge, toŋgokem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | toŋgokəʃtem | toŋgok-βlakəʃte | toŋgok-βlakəʃtem, toŋgokem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | toŋgokəʃkem | toŋgok-βlakəʃ(ke) | toŋgok-βlakəʃkem, toŋgokem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | toŋgokeʃem | toŋgok-βlakeʃ | toŋgok-βlakeʃem, toŋgokem-βlakeʃ |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||