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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | toŋgəla |
| Genitive: | toŋgəlan |
| Dative: | toŋgəlalan |
| Accusative: | toŋgəlam |
| Comparative: | toŋgəlala |
| Comitative: | toŋgəlage |
| Inessive: | toŋgəlaʃte |
| Illative: | toŋgəlaʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | toŋgəlaʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | toŋgəlam |
| 2SG: | toŋgəlat |
| 3SG: | toŋgəlaʒ(e) |
| 1PL: | toŋgəlana |
| 2PL: | toŋgəlada |
| 3PL: | toŋgəlaʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | toŋgəla-βlak |
| Plural (2): | toŋgəla-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | toŋgəlala |
| Sociative Plural: | toŋgəlamət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | toŋgəlam | toŋgəla-βlak | toŋgəla-βlakem, toŋgəlam-βlak |
| Genitive: | toŋgəlamən | toŋgəla-βlakən | toŋgəla-βlakemən, toŋgəlam-βlakən |
| Dative: | toŋgəlamlan, toŋgəlalanem | toŋgəla-βlaklan | toŋgəla-βlakemlan, toŋgəlam-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | toŋgəlaməm | toŋgəla-βlakəm | toŋgəla-βlakeməm, toŋgəlam-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | toŋgəlamla, toŋgəlalam | toŋgəla-βlakla | toŋgəla-βlakemla, toŋgəlam-βlakla |
| Comitative: | toŋgəlamge | toŋgəla-βlakge | toŋgəla-βlakemge, toŋgəlam-βlakge |
| Inessive: | toŋgəlaʃtem | toŋgəla-βlakəʃte | toŋgəla-βlakəʃtem, toŋgəlam-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | toŋgəlaʃkem | toŋgəla-βlakəʃ(ke) | toŋgəla-βlakəʃkem, toŋgəlam-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | toŋgəlaʃem | toŋgəla-βlakeʃ | toŋgəla-βlakeʃem, toŋgəlam-βlakeʃ |
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| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||