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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | toŋgə̑lak |
| Genitive: | toŋgə̑lakə̑n |
| Dative: | toŋgə̑laklan |
| Accusative: | toŋgə̑lakə̑m |
| Comparative: | toŋgə̑lakla |
| Comitative: | toŋgə̑lakge |
| Inessive: | toŋgə̑lakə̑šte |
| Illative: | toŋgə̑lakə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | toŋgə̑lakeš |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | toŋgə̑lakem |
| 2SG: | toŋgə̑laket |
| 3SG: | toŋgə̑lakše |
| 1PL: | toŋgə̑lakna |
| 2PL: | toŋgə̑lakda |
| 3PL: | toŋgə̑lakə̑št |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | toŋgə̑lak-βlak |
| Plural (2): | toŋgə̑lak-šamə̑č́ |
| Short Plural: | toŋgə̑lakla |
| Sociative Plural: | toŋgə̑lakmə̑t |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | toŋgə̑lakem | toŋgə̑lak-βlak | toŋgə̑lak-βlakem, toŋgə̑lakem-βlak |
| Genitive: | toŋgə̑lakemə̑n | toŋgə̑lak-βlakə̑n | toŋgə̑lak-βlakemə̑n, toŋgə̑lakem-βlakə̑n |
| Dative: | toŋgə̑lakemlan, toŋgə̑laklanem | toŋgə̑lak-βlaklan | toŋgə̑lak-βlakemlan, toŋgə̑lakem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | toŋgə̑lakemə̑m | toŋgə̑lak-βlakə̑m | toŋgə̑lak-βlakemə̑m, toŋgə̑lakem-βlakə̑m |
| Comparative: | toŋgə̑lakemla, toŋgə̑laklam | toŋgə̑lak-βlakla | toŋgə̑lak-βlakemla, toŋgə̑lakem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | toŋgə̑lakemge | toŋgə̑lak-βlakge | toŋgə̑lak-βlakemge, toŋgə̑lakem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | toŋgə̑lakə̑štem | toŋgə̑lak-βlakə̑šte | toŋgə̑lak-βlakə̑štem, toŋgə̑lakem-βlakə̑šte |
| Illative: | toŋgə̑lakə̑škem | toŋgə̑lak-βlakə̑š(ke) | toŋgə̑lak-βlakə̑škem, toŋgə̑lakem-βlakə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | toŋgə̑lakešem | toŋgə̑lak-βlakeš | toŋgə̑lak-βlakešem, toŋgə̑lakem-βlakeš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||