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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | toŋgəlak |
| Genitive: | toŋgəlakən |
| Dative: | toŋgəlaklan |
| Accusative: | toŋgəlakəm |
| Comparative: | toŋgəlakla |
| Comitative: | toŋgəlakge |
| Inessive: | toŋgəlakəʃte |
| Illative: | toŋgəlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | toŋgəlakeʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | toŋgəlakem |
| 2SG: | toŋgəlaket |
| 3SG: | toŋgəlakʃe |
| 1PL: | toŋgəlakna |
| 2PL: | toŋgəlakda |
| 3PL: | toŋgəlakəʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | toŋgəlak-βlak |
| Plural (2): | toŋgəlak-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | toŋgəlakla |
| Sociative Plural: | toŋgəlakmət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | toŋgəlakem | toŋgəlak-βlak | toŋgəlak-βlakem, toŋgəlakem-βlak |
| Genitive: | toŋgəlakemən | toŋgəlak-βlakən | toŋgəlak-βlakemən, toŋgəlakem-βlakən |
| Dative: | toŋgəlakemlan, toŋgəlaklanem | toŋgəlak-βlaklan | toŋgəlak-βlakemlan, toŋgəlakem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | toŋgəlakeməm | toŋgəlak-βlakəm | toŋgəlak-βlakeməm, toŋgəlakem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | toŋgəlakemla, toŋgəlaklam | toŋgəlak-βlakla | toŋgəlak-βlakemla, toŋgəlakem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | toŋgəlakemge | toŋgəlak-βlakge | toŋgəlak-βlakemge, toŋgəlakem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | toŋgəlakəʃtem | toŋgəlak-βlakəʃte | toŋgəlak-βlakəʃtem, toŋgəlakem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | toŋgəlakəʃkem | toŋgəlak-βlakəʃ(ke) | toŋgəlak-βlakəʃkem, toŋgəlakem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | toŋgəlakeʃem | toŋgəlak-βlakeʃ | toŋgəlak-βlakeʃem, toŋgəlakem-βlakeʃ |
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| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||