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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | toŋgəlan |
| Genitive: | toŋgəlanən |
| Dative: | toŋgəlanlan |
| Accusative: | toŋgəlanəm |
| Comparative: | toŋgəlanla |
| Comitative: | toŋgəlange |
| Inessive: | toŋgəlanəʃte |
| Illative: | toŋgəlanəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | toŋgəlaneʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | toŋgəlanem |
| 2SG: | toŋgəlanet |
| 3SG: | toŋgəlanʒe |
| 1PL: | toŋgəlanːa |
| 2PL: | toŋgəlanda |
| 3PL: | toŋgəlanəʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | toŋgəlan-βlak |
| Plural (2): | toŋgəlan-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | toŋgəlanla |
| Sociative Plural: | toŋgəlanmət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | toŋgəlanem | toŋgəlan-βlak | toŋgəlan-βlakem, toŋgəlanem-βlak |
| Genitive: | toŋgəlanemən | toŋgəlan-βlakən | toŋgəlan-βlakemən, toŋgəlanem-βlakən |
| Dative: | toŋgəlanemlan, toŋgəlanlanem | toŋgəlan-βlaklan | toŋgəlan-βlakemlan, toŋgəlanem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | toŋgəlaneməm | toŋgəlan-βlakəm | toŋgəlan-βlakeməm, toŋgəlanem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | toŋgəlanemla, toŋgəlanlam | toŋgəlan-βlakla | toŋgəlan-βlakemla, toŋgəlanem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | toŋgəlanemge | toŋgəlan-βlakge | toŋgəlan-βlakemge, toŋgəlanem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | toŋgəlanəʃtem | toŋgəlan-βlakəʃte | toŋgəlan-βlakəʃtem, toŋgəlanem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | toŋgəlanəʃkem | toŋgəlan-βlakəʃ(ke) | toŋgəlan-βlakəʃkem, toŋgəlanem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | toŋgəlaneʃem | toŋgəlan-βlakeʃ | toŋgəlan-βlakeʃem, toŋgəlanem-βlakeʃ |
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| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||