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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | toŋgərakan |
| Genitive: | toŋgərakanən |
| Dative: | toŋgərakanlan |
| Accusative: | toŋgərakanəm |
| Comparative: | toŋgərakanla |
| Comitative: | toŋgərakange |
| Inessive: | toŋgərakanəʃte |
| Illative: | toŋgərakanəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | toŋgərakaneʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | toŋgərakanem |
| 2SG: | toŋgərakanet |
| 3SG: | toŋgərakanʒe |
| 1PL: | toŋgərakanːa |
| 2PL: | toŋgərakanda |
| 3PL: | toŋgərakanəʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | toŋgərakan-βlak |
| Plural (2): | toŋgərakan-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | toŋgərakanla |
| Sociative Plural: | toŋgərakanmət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | toŋgərakanem | toŋgərakan-βlak | toŋgərakan-βlakem, toŋgərakanem-βlak |
| Genitive: | toŋgərakanemən | toŋgərakan-βlakən | toŋgərakan-βlakemən, toŋgərakanem-βlakən |
| Dative: | toŋgərakanemlan, toŋgərakanlanem | toŋgərakan-βlaklan | toŋgərakan-βlakemlan, toŋgərakanem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | toŋgərakaneməm | toŋgərakan-βlakəm | toŋgərakan-βlakeməm, toŋgərakanem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | toŋgərakanemla, toŋgərakanlam | toŋgərakan-βlakla | toŋgərakan-βlakemla, toŋgərakanem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | toŋgərakanemge | toŋgərakan-βlakge | toŋgərakan-βlakemge, toŋgərakanem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | toŋgərakanəʃtem | toŋgərakan-βlakəʃte | toŋgərakan-βlakəʃtem, toŋgərakanem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | toŋgərakanəʃkem | toŋgərakan-βlakəʃ(ke) | toŋgərakan-βlakəʃkem, toŋgərakanem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | toŋgərakaneʃem | toŋgərakan-βlakeʃ | toŋgərakan-βlakeʃem, toŋgərakanem-βlakeʃ |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||