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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | toŋedəʃ |
| Genitive: | toŋedəʃən |
| Dative: | toŋedəʃlan |
| Accusative: | toŋedəʃəm |
| Comparative: | toŋedəʃla |
| Comitative: | toŋedəʃge |
| Inessive: | toŋedəʃte, toŋedəʃəʃte |
| Illative: | toŋedəʃke, toŋedəʃəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | toŋedəʃeʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | toŋedəʃem |
| 2SG: | toŋedəʃet |
| 3SG: | toŋedəʃːe, toŋedəʃəʒ(e) |
| 1PL: | toŋedəʃna |
| 2PL: | toŋedəʃda |
| 3PL: | toŋedəʃəʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | toŋedəʃ-βlak |
| Plural (2): | toŋedəʃ-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | toŋedəʃla |
| Sociative Plural: | toŋedəʃmət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | toŋedəʃem | toŋedəʃ-βlak | toŋedəʃ-βlakem, toŋedəʃem-βlak |
| Genitive: | toŋedəʃemən | toŋedəʃ-βlakən | toŋedəʃ-βlakemən, toŋedəʃem-βlakən |
| Dative: | toŋedəʃemlan, toŋedəʃlanem | toŋedəʃ-βlaklan | toŋedəʃ-βlakemlan, toŋedəʃem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | toŋedəʃeməm | toŋedəʃ-βlakəm | toŋedəʃ-βlakeməm, toŋedəʃem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | toŋedəʃemla, toŋedəʃlam | toŋedəʃ-βlakla | toŋedəʃ-βlakemla, toŋedəʃem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | toŋedəʃemge | toŋedəʃ-βlakge | toŋedəʃ-βlakemge, toŋedəʃem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | toŋedəʃtem, toŋedəʃəʃtem | toŋedəʃ-βlakəʃte | toŋedəʃ-βlakəʃtem, toŋedəʃem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | toŋedəʃkem, toŋedəʃəʃkem | toŋedəʃ-βlakəʃ(ke) | toŋedəʃ-βlakəʃkem, toŋedəʃem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | toŋedəʃeʃem | toŋedəʃ-βlakeʃ | toŋedəʃ-βlakeʃem, toŋedəʃem-βlakeʃ |
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| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||