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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | toβəl |
| Genitive: | toβələn |
| Dative: | toβəlːan |
| Accusative: | toβələm |
| Comparative: | toβəlːa |
| Comitative: | toβəlge |
| Inessive: | toβələʃto |
| Illative: | toβələʃ(ko) |
| Lative: | toβəleʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | toβəlem |
| 2SG: | toβəlet |
| 3SG: | toβəlʒo |
| 1PL: | toβəlna |
| 2PL: | toβəlda |
| 3PL: | toβələʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | toβəl-βlak |
| Plural (2): | toβəl-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | toβəlːa |
| Sociative Plural: | toβəlmət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | toβəlem | toβəl-βlak | toβəl-βlakem, toβəlem-βlak |
| Genitive: | toβəlemən | toβəl-βlakən | toβəl-βlakemən, toβəlem-βlakən |
| Dative: | toβəlemlan, toβəlːanem | toβəl-βlaklan | toβəl-βlakemlan, toβəlem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | toβəleməm | toβəl-βlakəm | toβəl-βlakeməm, toβəlem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | toβəlemla, toβəlːam | toβəl-βlakla | toβəl-βlakemla, toβəlem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | toβəlemge | toβəl-βlakge | toβəl-βlakemge, toβəlem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | toβələʃtem | toβəl-βlakəʃte | toβəl-βlakəʃtem, toβəlem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | toβələʃkem | toβəl-βlakəʃ(ke) | toβəl-βlakəʃkem, toβəlem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | toβəleʃem | toβəl-βlakeʃ | toβəl-βlakeʃem, toβəlem-βlakeʃ |
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| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||