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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | tonus |
| Genitive: | tonusən |
| Dative: | tonuslan |
| Accusative: | tonusəm |
| Comparative: | tonusla |
| Comitative: | tonusge |
| Inessive: | tonusəʃto |
| Illative: | tonusəʃ(ko) |
| Lative: | tonuseʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | tonusem |
| 2SG: | tonuset |
| 3SG: | tonusʃo |
| 1PL: | tonusna |
| 2PL: | tonusda |
| 3PL: | tonusəʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | tonus-βlak |
| Plural (2): | tonus-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | tonusla |
| Sociative Plural: | tonusmət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | tonusem | tonus-βlak | tonus-βlakem, tonusem-βlak |
| Genitive: | tonusemən | tonus-βlakən | tonus-βlakemən, tonusem-βlakən |
| Dative: | tonusemlan, tonuslanem | tonus-βlaklan | tonus-βlakemlan, tonusem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | tonuseməm | tonus-βlakəm | tonus-βlakeməm, tonusem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | tonusemla, tonuslam | tonus-βlakla | tonus-βlakemla, tonusem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | tonusemge | tonus-βlakge | tonus-βlakemge, tonusem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | tonusəʃtem | tonus-βlakəʃte | tonus-βlakəʃtem, tonusem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | tonusəʃkem | tonus-βlakəʃ(ke) | tonus-βlakəʃkem, tonusem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | tonuseʃem | tonus-βlakeʃ | tonus-βlakeʃem, tonusem-βlakeʃ |
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| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||