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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | topoʎ |
| Genitive: | topoʎən |
| Dative: | topoʎlan |
| Accusative: | topoʎəm |
| Comparative: | topoʎla |
| Comitative: | topoʎge |
| Inessive: | topoʎəʃto |
| Illative: | topoʎəʃ(ko) |
| Lative: | topoʎeʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | topoʎem |
| 2SG: | topoʎet |
| 3SG: | topoʎʒo |
| 1PL: | topoʎna |
| 2PL: | topoʎda |
| 3PL: | topoʎəʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | topoʎ-βlak |
| Plural (2): | topoʎ-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | topoʎla |
| Sociative Plural: | topoʎmət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | topoʎem | topoʎ-βlak | topoʎ-βlakem, topoʎem-βlak |
| Genitive: | topoʎemən | topoʎ-βlakən | topoʎ-βlakemən, topoʎem-βlakən |
| Dative: | topoʎemlan, topoʎlanem | topoʎ-βlaklan | topoʎ-βlakemlan, topoʎem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | topoʎeməm | topoʎ-βlakəm | topoʎ-βlakeməm, topoʎem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | topoʎemla, topoʎlam | topoʎ-βlakla | topoʎ-βlakemla, topoʎem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | topoʎemge | topoʎ-βlakge | topoʎ-βlakemge, topoʎem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | topoʎəʃtem | topoʎ-βlakəʃte | topoʎ-βlakəʃtem, topoʎem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | topoʎəʃkem | topoʎ-βlakəʃ(ke) | topoʎ-βlakəʃkem, topoʎem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | topoʎeʃem | topoʎ-βlakeʃ | topoʎ-βlakeʃem, topoʎem-βlakeʃ |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||