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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | toʃkəmo |
| Genitive: | toʃkəmən |
| Dative: | toʃkəməlan |
| Accusative: | toʃkəməm |
| Comparative: | toʃkəməla |
| Comitative: | toʃkəməge |
| Inessive: | toʃkəməʃto |
| Illative: | toʃkəməʃ(ko) |
| Lative: | toʃkəmeʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | toʃkəmem |
| 2SG: | toʃkəmet |
| 3SG: | toʃkəməʒ(o) |
| 1PL: | toʃkəməna |
| 2PL: | toʃkəməda |
| 3PL: | toʃkəməʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | toʃkəmo-βlak |
| Plural (2): | toʃkəmo-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | toʃkəməla |
| Sociative Plural: | toʃkəməmət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | toʃkəmem | toʃkəmo-βlak | toʃkəmo-βlakem, toʃkəmem-βlak |
| Genitive: | toʃkəmemən | toʃkəmo-βlakən | toʃkəmo-βlakemən, toʃkəmem-βlakən |
| Dative: | toʃkəmemlan, toʃkəməlanem | toʃkəmo-βlaklan | toʃkəmo-βlakemlan, toʃkəmem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | toʃkəmeməm | toʃkəmo-βlakəm | toʃkəmo-βlakeməm, toʃkəmem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | toʃkəmemla, toʃkəməlam | toʃkəmo-βlakla | toʃkəmo-βlakemla, toʃkəmem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | toʃkəmemge | toʃkəmo-βlakge | toʃkəmo-βlakemge, toʃkəmem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | toʃkəməʃtem | toʃkəmo-βlakəʃte | toʃkəmo-βlakəʃtem, toʃkəmem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | toʃkəməʃkem | toʃkəmo-βlakəʃ(ke) | toʃkəmo-βlakəʃkem, toʃkəmem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | toʃkəmeʃem | toʃkəmo-βlakeʃ | toʃkəmo-βlakeʃem, toʃkəmem-βlakeʃ |
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| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||