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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | toʃlo |
| Genitive: | toʃlən |
| Dative: | toʃləlan |
| Accusative: | toʃləm |
| Comparative: | toʃləla |
| Comitative: | toʃləge |
| Inessive: | toʃləʃto |
| Illative: | toʃləʃ(ko) |
| Lative: | toʃleʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | toʃlem |
| 2SG: | toʃlet |
| 3SG: | toʃləʒ(o) |
| 1PL: | toʃləna |
| 2PL: | toʃləda |
| 3PL: | toʃləʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | toʃlo-βlak |
| Plural (2): | toʃlo-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | toʃləla |
| Sociative Plural: | toʃləmət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | toʃlem | toʃlo-βlak | toʃlo-βlakem, toʃlem-βlak |
| Genitive: | toʃlemən | toʃlo-βlakən | toʃlo-βlakemən, toʃlem-βlakən |
| Dative: | toʃlemlan, toʃləlanem | toʃlo-βlaklan | toʃlo-βlakemlan, toʃlem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | toʃleməm | toʃlo-βlakəm | toʃlo-βlakeməm, toʃlem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | toʃlemla, toʃləlam | toʃlo-βlakla | toʃlo-βlakemla, toʃlem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | toʃlemge | toʃlo-βlakge | toʃlo-βlakemge, toʃlem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | toʃləʃtem | toʃlo-βlakəʃte | toʃlo-βlakəʃtem, toʃlem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | toʃləʃkem | toʃlo-βlakəʃ(ke) | toʃlo-βlakəʃkem, toʃlem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | toʃleʃem | toʃlo-βlakeʃ | toʃlo-βlakeʃem, toʃlem-βlakeʃ |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||