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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | toʃtdəmo |
| Genitive: | toʃtdəmən |
| Dative: | toʃtdəməlan |
| Accusative: | toʃtdəməm |
| Comparative: | toʃtdəməla |
| Comitative: | toʃtdəməge |
| Inessive: | toʃtdəməʃto |
| Illative: | toʃtdəməʃ(ko) |
| Lative: | toʃtdəmeʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | toʃtdəmem |
| 2SG: | toʃtdəmet |
| 3SG: | toʃtdəməʒ(o) |
| 1PL: | toʃtdəməna |
| 2PL: | toʃtdəməda |
| 3PL: | toʃtdəməʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | toʃtdəmo-βlak |
| Plural (2): | toʃtdəmo-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | toʃtdəməla |
| Sociative Plural: | toʃtdəməmət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | toʃtdəmem | toʃtdəmo-βlak | toʃtdəmo-βlakem, toʃtdəmem-βlak |
| Genitive: | toʃtdəmemən | toʃtdəmo-βlakən | toʃtdəmo-βlakemən, toʃtdəmem-βlakən |
| Dative: | toʃtdəmemlan, toʃtdəməlanem | toʃtdəmo-βlaklan | toʃtdəmo-βlakemlan, toʃtdəmem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | toʃtdəmeməm | toʃtdəmo-βlakəm | toʃtdəmo-βlakeməm, toʃtdəmem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | toʃtdəmemla, toʃtdəməlam | toʃtdəmo-βlakla | toʃtdəmo-βlakemla, toʃtdəmem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | toʃtdəmemge | toʃtdəmo-βlakge | toʃtdəmo-βlakemge, toʃtdəmem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | toʃtdəməʃtem | toʃtdəmo-βlakəʃte | toʃtdəmo-βlakəʃtem, toʃtdəmem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | toʃtdəməʃkem | toʃtdəmo-βlakəʃ(ke) | toʃtdəmo-βlakəʃkem, toʃtdəmem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | toʃtdəmeʃem | toʃtdəmo-βlakeʃ | toʃtdəmo-βlakeʃem, toʃtdəmem-βlakeʃ |
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| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||