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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | toštšo |
| Genitive: | toštšə̑n |
| Dative: | toštšə̑lan |
| Accusative: | toštšə̑m |
| Comparative: | toštšə̑la |
| Comitative: | toštšə̑ge |
| Inessive: | toštšə̑što |
| Illative: | toštšə̑š(ko) |
| Lative: | toštšeš |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | toštšem |
| 2SG: | toštšet |
| 3SG: | toštšə̑ž(o) |
| 1PL: | toštšə̑na |
| 2PL: | toštšə̑da |
| 3PL: | toštšə̑št |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | toštšo-βlak |
| Plural (2): | toštšo-šamə̑č́ |
| Short Plural: | toštšə̑la |
| Sociative Plural: | toštšə̑mə̑t |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | toštšem | toštšo-βlak | toštšo-βlakem, toštšem-βlak |
| Genitive: | toštšemə̑n | toštšo-βlakə̑n | toštšo-βlakemə̑n, toštšem-βlakə̑n |
| Dative: | toštšemlan, toštšə̑lanem | toštšo-βlaklan | toštšo-βlakemlan, toštšem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | toštšemə̑m | toštšo-βlakə̑m | toštšo-βlakemə̑m, toštšem-βlakə̑m |
| Comparative: | toštšemla, toštšə̑lam | toštšo-βlakla | toštšo-βlakemla, toštšem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | toštšemge | toštšo-βlakge | toštšo-βlakemge, toštšem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | toštšə̑štem | toštšo-βlakə̑šte | toštšo-βlakə̑štem, toštšem-βlakə̑šte |
| Illative: | toštšə̑škem | toštšo-βlakə̑š(ke) | toštšo-βlakə̑škem, toštšem-βlakə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | toštšešem | toštšo-βlakeš | toštšo-βlakešem, toštšem-βlakeš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||