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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | toʃtʃo |
| Genitive: | toʃtʃən |
| Dative: | toʃtʃəlan |
| Accusative: | toʃtʃəm |
| Comparative: | toʃtʃəla |
| Comitative: | toʃtʃəge |
| Inessive: | toʃtʃəʃto |
| Illative: | toʃtʃəʃ(ko) |
| Lative: | toʃtʃeʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | toʃtʃem |
| 2SG: | toʃtʃet |
| 3SG: | toʃtʃəʒ(o) |
| 1PL: | toʃtʃəna |
| 2PL: | toʃtʃəda |
| 3PL: | toʃtʃəʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | toʃtʃo-βlak |
| Plural (2): | toʃtʃo-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | toʃtʃəla |
| Sociative Plural: | toʃtʃəmət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | toʃtʃem | toʃtʃo-βlak | toʃtʃo-βlakem, toʃtʃem-βlak |
| Genitive: | toʃtʃemən | toʃtʃo-βlakən | toʃtʃo-βlakemən, toʃtʃem-βlakən |
| Dative: | toʃtʃemlan, toʃtʃəlanem | toʃtʃo-βlaklan | toʃtʃo-βlakemlan, toʃtʃem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | toʃtʃeməm | toʃtʃo-βlakəm | toʃtʃo-βlakeməm, toʃtʃem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | toʃtʃemla, toʃtʃəlam | toʃtʃo-βlakla | toʃtʃo-βlakemla, toʃtʃem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | toʃtʃemge | toʃtʃo-βlakge | toʃtʃo-βlakemge, toʃtʃem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | toʃtʃəʃtem | toʃtʃo-βlakəʃte | toʃtʃo-βlakəʃtem, toʃtʃem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | toʃtʃəʃkem | toʃtʃo-βlakəʃ(ke) | toʃtʃo-βlakəʃkem, toʃtʃem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | toʃtʃeʃem | toʃtʃo-βlakeʃ | toʃtʃo-βlakeʃem, toʃtʃem-βlakeʃ |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||