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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | toŋgə̑z |
| Genitive: | toŋgə̑zə̑n |
| Dative: | toŋgə̑zlan |
| Accusative: | toŋgə̑zə̑m |
| Comparative: | toŋgə̑zla |
| Comitative: | toŋgə̑zge |
| Inessive: | toŋgə̑zə̑što |
| Illative: | toŋgə̑zə̑š(ko) |
| Lative: | toŋgə̑zeš |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | toŋgə̑zem |
| 2SG: | toŋgə̑zet |
| 3SG: | toŋgə̑zšo |
| 1PL: | toŋgə̑zna |
| 2PL: | toŋgə̑zda |
| 3PL: | toŋgə̑zə̑št |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | toŋgə̑z-βlak |
| Plural (2): | toŋgə̑z-šamə̑č́ |
| Short Plural: | toŋgə̑zla |
| Sociative Plural: | toŋgə̑zmə̑t |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | toŋgə̑zem | toŋgə̑z-βlak | toŋgə̑z-βlakem, toŋgə̑zem-βlak |
| Genitive: | toŋgə̑zemə̑n | toŋgə̑z-βlakə̑n | toŋgə̑z-βlakemə̑n, toŋgə̑zem-βlakə̑n |
| Dative: | toŋgə̑zemlan, toŋgə̑zlanem | toŋgə̑z-βlaklan | toŋgə̑z-βlakemlan, toŋgə̑zem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | toŋgə̑zemə̑m | toŋgə̑z-βlakə̑m | toŋgə̑z-βlakemə̑m, toŋgə̑zem-βlakə̑m |
| Comparative: | toŋgə̑zemla, toŋgə̑zlam | toŋgə̑z-βlakla | toŋgə̑z-βlakemla, toŋgə̑zem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | toŋgə̑zemge | toŋgə̑z-βlakge | toŋgə̑z-βlakemge, toŋgə̑zem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | toŋgə̑zə̑štem | toŋgə̑z-βlakə̑šte | toŋgə̑z-βlakə̑štem, toŋgə̑zem-βlakə̑šte |
| Illative: | toŋgə̑zə̑škem | toŋgə̑z-βlakə̑š(ke) | toŋgə̑z-βlakə̑škem, toŋgə̑zem-βlakə̑š(ke) |
| Lative: | toŋgə̑zešem | toŋgə̑z-βlakeš | toŋgə̑z-βlakešem, toŋgə̑zem-βlakeš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||