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Paradigm Generator
You can indicate word stress by placing an asterisk * or a bullet point • after a stressed vowel (e.g., теҥге•, теҥге* 'ruble'). Otherwise, stress is assumed to follow regular patterns. Indicate orthographically unmarked palatalization with an accent, e.g.: имн'e 'horse'. Alternatively, if you do not specify the word stress and palatalization, the software will consult our lexicon. In the case of homographs (i.e., two words spelled the same, but not necessarily pronounced - and inflected - the same, e.g., ше•рге 'expensive' <> шерге• 'comb', the software will pick the word listed in the dictionary first.
Case Suffixes
| Nominative: | toŋgəz |
| Genitive: | toŋgəzən |
| Dative: | toŋgəzlan |
| Accusative: | toŋgəzəm |
| Comparative: | toŋgəzla |
| Comitative: | toŋgəzge |
| Inessive: | toŋgəzəʃto |
| Illative: | toŋgəzəʃ(ko) |
| Lative: | toŋgəzeʃ |
Possessive Suffixes
| 1SG: | toŋgəzem |
| 2SG: | toŋgəzet |
| 3SG: | toŋgəzʃo |
| 1PL: | toŋgəzna |
| 2PL: | toŋgəzda |
| 3PL: | toŋgəzəʃt |
Number Suffixes
| Plural (1): | toŋgəz-βlak |
| Plural (2): | toŋgəz-ʃamət͡ɕ |
| Short Plural: | toŋgəzla |
| Sociative Plural: | toŋgəzmət |
Case Suffix (Cx) + Possessive Suffix (Px) + Number Suffix (Nx)
For the sake of simplicity, only the plural suffix -влак and the possessive suffix first person singular -ем are displayed here. Also note that other suffix arrangements than these can be encountered on occasion - these are only the most common ones.
| Case | Cx + Px | Cx + Nx | Cx + Px + Nx |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative: | toŋgəzem | toŋgəz-βlak | toŋgəz-βlakem, toŋgəzem-βlak |
| Genitive: | toŋgəzemən | toŋgəz-βlakən | toŋgəz-βlakemən, toŋgəzem-βlakən |
| Dative: | toŋgəzemlan, toŋgəzlanem | toŋgəz-βlaklan | toŋgəz-βlakemlan, toŋgəzem-βlaklan |
| Accusative: | toŋgəzeməm | toŋgəz-βlakəm | toŋgəz-βlakeməm, toŋgəzem-βlakəm |
| Comparative: | toŋgəzemla, toŋgəzlam | toŋgəz-βlakla | toŋgəz-βlakemla, toŋgəzem-βlakla |
| Comitative: | toŋgəzemge | toŋgəz-βlakge | toŋgəz-βlakemge, toŋgəzem-βlakge |
| Inessive: | toŋgəzəʃtem | toŋgəz-βlakəʃte | toŋgəz-βlakəʃtem, toŋgəzem-βlakəʃte |
| Illative: | toŋgəzəʃkem | toŋgəz-βlakəʃ(ke) | toŋgəz-βlakəʃkem, toŋgəzem-βlakəʃ(ke) |
| Lative: | toŋgəzeʃem | toŋgəz-βlakeʃ | toŋgəz-βlakeʃem, toŋgəzem-βlakeʃ |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||